Reading what Sidnie White Crawford had to say about the origin of Jubilees in her book Rewriting Scripture in Second Temple Times reminded me in many ways of what Michael Satlow had said about ancient scribes. Professor Satlow talked about the different theories of authority people had given biblical texts throughout time, and how these different authorities had given different values to the texts in a certain time period. I was not uncommon, back then, for scribes (typically elite scholarly men) to rewrite texts either as scribal practice or for personal enjoyment or even to fit a particular political stance. Therefore the same stories ended up changed and revised, leaving us today with no real knowledge of what the original manuscript of ancient texts contained. Two of these authorities were Scribal Authority and Cultural authority. A text with reference to popular or well-known authors helps the reader relate more to the text (Scribal), as well as having reference to specifics of one’s everyday life (Cultural). This relativity is what gave the texts power. Jubilees is a perfect example of a text written based off of biblical texts given in order capture the reader’s attention of what the author favors in the text. However, as Crawford points out, the text has its downfalls, including dates and years that do not add up, and certain opinions the author has that makes the text biased at points. For example, the scribe (as Crawford points out) likes to emphasize the mistakes and sins of biblical authoritative figures. The fact that Jubilees has a theme of “predictive history” also relates to an authoritative theory talked about by Dr. Satlow; oracular. This states that premeditated information, or basically anything decreed by the divine, gives a text authority to peoples as well. As discussed by Crawford, the author of Jubilees, “believed the end times were rapidly approaching,” an ideal that comes through in his writing. What comes to my attention after all of this analysis is the fact that there is still one of Satlow’s modes of authority that Jubilees does not fit into; normative. There some people who credit this text the same way as many Christians today may read the bible for advice on difficult life questions. However, for some reason, Jubilees did not make it into modern day Jewish or Christian scriptures.