The relationship between different biblical texts and how
they all seem to tie into each other raises questions about the timing,
legitimacy, and overall formation and purpose of the texts. Josiah (as seen in
2 Kings 22-23) becomes knowledgeable of a text that leads him to completely
turn his life upside down. He begins to live his life and rule his country as a
God fearing one. The description of the text is eerily familiar to what we see
in Deuteronomy, which gives the command to, “break down (false gods and idols’)
altars, smash their pillars, burn their sacred poles with fire, and hew down
the idols of their gods, and thus blot out their name from their places (Deuteronomy
12: 3)” In 2 Kings, Josiah was compelled
by the readings of this new found ‘Book of the Law’ to, “(burn) the high place,
crushing it to dust; he also burned the sacred pole (2 Kings 23:15).” The fact
that both texts ended up sewn in the bindings of the same book that has been transcribed
and interpreted hundreds of times begs the question; what was the original
intent? In his book How the Bible Became
Holy, Michael Satlow explains many theories and historical uses of the
bible that help to understand why the bible is formulated the way it is today.
One of his main arguments focuses on the opinion that interpretation of the
bible, both today and in the past, has shaped the way that both the individual
and society view the bible. Over time, biblical texts have gone from being in
the background of religious activities, to being practice work for scribes, to being
a luxury for the elite eyes only, and finally to a group of texts available for
the whole public to see. However, through this process, the bible itself has to
have been rearranged, translated, rewritten and interpreted by all sorts of
scholars and religious figures. In Nehemiah, as Ezra read from ‘the book of the
law of Moses’, several men, “read from the book, from the law of God, with
interpretation. They gave the sense so that the people understood the reading
(Nehemiah 8:8).” Well, what does that mean? Did they need to translate because
of a language barrier? Perhaps dumb it down to a simpler level of general
understanding? Or, perhaps, they took it upon themselves to interpret the
meaning behind the text, as more of a normative authority type of translation,
as Satlow would call it. It is because of interpretive conundrums like this
that fuel the ongoing debate attempting to fully understanding the original
purpose of biblical texts.
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